Indias Political Double Standard in Releasing Rijiv...

The Tamil Nadu state government’s decision to release the convicts in India’s former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination case caused a ripple across the nation. The Tamil Nadu cabinet on February 19, 2014 declared that they will release all the convicts with due consultations with the centre. The state chief minister J Jayalalithaa in her statement informed â€Å"The cabinet has taken a decision to release the three convicts, Perarivalan, Murugan and Santhan, along with those four, Nalini, Robert Pyas, Jayakumar and Ravichandran who are undergoing life sentence. The decision will be conveyed to the Centre for appropriate action. If we dont get their response in three days, we will release all convicts in accordance with the rights granted under the Code of Criminal Procedure.† The state government’s decision came a day after the Supreme Court commuted death sentences on three men involved in the assassination to life imprisonment citing the 11 year delay in deciding their mercy pleas. The Supreme Court bench headed by Chief Justice P Sathasivam and comprising of Justices Ranjan Gogoi and S K Singh then left the decision of remission for the three convicts - Murugan, Santhan and Perarivalan on the Tamil Nadu state government. The Tamil Nadu government’s decision resulted in an emotional outburst from Rajiv Gandhi’s son and Congress vice president Rahul Gandhi in his political rally the same day. Rahul said â€Å"I am sad the killers are being freed,† he said he does not

Equality In Harrison Bergeron - 807 Words

The short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is set in 2081, a future where the 211th-213th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution enforce â€Å"total equality.† This is not equality of rights as we assume the Constitution is supposed to protect. This is a kind of social equality that wants every person to be like everyone else, so it is really talking about conformity, not equality. In the story, people who are smarter than average, or stronger, or more talented in any way are forced to suffer a handicap. For example, Harrison’s father, George, is forced to listen to a disturbing sound in his brain to prevent him from thinking about what is happening around him. Harrison himself is so talented that he has multiple handicaps†¦show more content†¦The story focuses on the parents of an extraordinary teenager, Harrison Bergeron, and also on Harrison himself. â€Å"The rest of Harrison’s appearance was Halloween and hardware. Nobod y had ever born heavier handicaps.† Because Harrison is really a genius, he stands out even though he has handicaps. He manages to overcome every barrier, and this makes him seem dangerous to his society because he is a nonconformist. When Harrison rebels and breaks out, he is eventually killed. His mother sees this on television and starts to cry. â€Å" ‘You’ve been crying,’ he said to Hazel. ‘Yup,’ she said. ‘What about?’He said. ‘I forget,’ she said, ‘something real sad on television†¦..’ ‘Forget sad things,’ said George. ‘I always do,’ said Hazel.† This illustrates the problems with this society. The parents cannot even mourn their son’s death because they can not remember what has just happened, because of the handicaps on them. On the other hand the government thought this would be a good way to control people and make them conform because no one with e nough intelligence could remember, or think about something for along time without a horrible sound causing them to lose their thought. Because no one could remember, then no one could protest. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† was written in 1961, and this was a time of great fear in America because of the Cold War politics that made everyone worry about a possible war with the Soviet Union (now Russia). From the late 1940s into theShow MoreRelatedEquality In Harrison Bergeron864 Words   |  4 PagesJr’s futuristic story, â€Å" Harrison Bergeron†, is in the year 2081, where everyone is equal. No one was smarter or stronger than anyone else. No one was better looking than anyone else. Everyone was exactly the same. Harrison Bergeron is a 14 year old boy who had absolutely hates how equal everyone was. Harrison was stronger, smarter, handsome, and bigger than everyone else. Harrison was the opposite of being average. He plans to override the government and forbid equality so that the people can beRead MoreThe Importance Of Equality In Harrison Bergeron888 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone’s abilities equal. However, human equality isn’t always nece ssarily having the same abilities or limits. To be equal to everyone is also being treated and thought about the same as every person. It also means that you have the same power as everyone. It is impossible for everyone to have the same capabilities, even with devices created to put a limit to your abilities. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† Diana Moon Glampers attempted to create equality by making gifted people wear devices calledRead MoreThe Dangers of Total Equality in Harrison Bergeron759 Words   |  3 PagesKurt Vonnegut, Jr.’s â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† tells the story of an unbelievably talented young man that defies the constraints of total equality in futuristic America, year 2081. Because of the 211th, 212th, and 213th amendments, all citizens are subjected to a communist like state where everyone is made to be equal in beauty, physique, and intelligence. Throughout â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† symbols such as Harrison’s defiance of the law , his physical attributes, and the setting presents the theme of the storyRead MoreEquality And Diversity In Kurt Vonneguts Harrison Bergeron1263 Words   |  6 Pagessociety should value both equality and diversity. Equality is justice. Diversity is individuality. Equality gives rights. Diversity enriches culture. Unfortunately, we do not live in an ideally progressive America. As equality in our society has increased, we have viewed it as progress. However, diversity has often been a source of conflict in our society. Jealousy, confusion, anger, and so many negative emotions have arisen from our differences and slowed the progress of equality. Perhaps, diversity shouldRead MoreEquality Is Not Ideal In Harrison Bergeron, By Kurt Vonnegut1004 Words   |  5 PagesEquality Is Not Ideal Kurt Vonnegut’s brilliant story, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† takes place in the year 2081. Thanks to the 211th, 212th, and 213th amendments â€Å"Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else†(Vonnegut 1). Everyone seems to have equal looks and abilities but to make this happen; they have to limit people so they can be equal to other people. People with natural beauty, gifted intelligence, or high strength have to use handicaps so they canRead MoreEquality In Harrison Bergeron, The Scarlet Ibis, And Brownies884 Words   |  4 Pagesdoesn’t sound good to me I don’t think everyone should be treated equally. Harrison Bergeron, The Scarlet Ibis, and Brownies all share this in common they want people to be equal and when they try to treat people as equal they sometimes don’t take into concentration some things about them or if they have different ways about them or if they are taking away from what w e could have in the world. In Harrison Bergeron they deal with everyone being treated equal and they go to great lengthsRead MoreHarrison Bergeron, by Kurt Vonnegut Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pages Harrison Bergeron is a story written by Kurt Vonnegut. Vonnegut’s story is a warning to the world about the quest of equality, which is spreading all round in many nations with America on the lead. The story shows the reader how the equality issue can have negative impacts on people’s individuality, and the society. The story revolves around the protagonist, Harrison Bergeron who is an archetypical symbol that represents defiance, and individuality. He is used to represent the people who willRead MoreAnalysis Of Kurt Vonnegut Jr. s Harrison Bergeron1500 Words   |  6 Pagesactions of others, as we make choices in an effort to satisfy others and ourselves. Kurt Vonnegut Jr.’s â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† offers a dark insight into an idealistic utopia, and the consequences of a ruthlessly equitable society. Although equality provides a beneficial component to a desirable society, forcing it upon society would ultimately be at the expense of individuality. I nitially, Harrison Bergeron is physically constrained by society, however through his willful arrogance and determination to gainRead MoreAnalysis Of Kurt Vonnegut s Harrison Bergeron 935 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† Kurt Vonnegut reveals the truth about world. Vonnegut farther explains how humankind is controlled by America’s first amendment of everyone being created equal. The main character of the story, also a protagonist Harrison Bergeron aims to let the world know what is truly happening to them. He is killed by an antagonist Dianna Moon Clampers who is a handicapper general. The futuristic short story is written in a third person omniscient. It’s told y a narrator who seems to knowRead MoreEssay on Communism and Kurt Vonneguts Harrison Bergeron977 Words   |  4 Pagesheavily relate to â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†. Communisms main idea is to keep the corporations from having too much power; as well as making everything equal. Com munisms structure differs from â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, but they both share a lot of characteristics. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† the government is given way to much power and forces everyone to become equal. Communism also differs greatly from our U.S. government and acts in many different ways. Communism ensures a lot of power and equality, as well as in

Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Example For Students

Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay In the essay â€Å"Nature† by Ralph Waldo Emerson, he talks about the wonders of nature that are commonly overlooked by man. He sees these wonders every day and is desensitized to them. Emerson tells how the same things that we think as normal amaze a child. The first time children experience something they are dumbfounded, as we should be, yet nature stays overlooked. This essay speaks the complete truth about the way people treat nature and its beauties. I often pass up the amazing things happen around me in the world, thinking â€Å"oh I can see it again another time.† What Emerson is trying to tell us is that we should think that this could be the last time we see something of this caliber, and to treat it as such. A beautiful sunset, foliage on the trees, or even something as normal as rain, are all things that are amazing to watch, if you take the time to do so. He describes the model behavior of man towards nature as, â€Å"he who’s inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other In the presence of nature a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrow. Emerson uses the actions of a child in the essay to reveal the ignorance of man. A child treats everything it sees as a new and exciting experience, much like we should. We see everything as dull because these things take place everyday of our lives. That makes it no less important or amazing. Nature is something that we should treat as a child does. When such supernatural things like an eclipse or something of that nature takes place, we all go out and watch in awe. These things seldom occur and we all take the time to see them. What about the things that are equally as great but are seen everyday Why are they so disregarded It is because we are so busy doing other things that we have no time to stop and take in the things around us that are so brilliant. Nature means a lot to me, personally, although I frequently find myself in the same scenario described by Emerson. Yet when I do have time to just sit and see all the things that God has put on the Earth I am completely perplexed. Everything is in complete harmony. The animals, the plants, the seasons, and the skies, all work together so perfectly. It’s amazing how I could sit and enjoy these wonders, but then the very next day, overlook them as I had done before. Emerson also describes the special relationship between man and nature. This relationship has been severed over time, however. If man does not love nature, nature can not provide for man. Constantly we pollute and destroy nature’s precious assets with out a second thought. And we expect nature to still be there for us. We want the trees to provide oxygen, but we cut them down, we want to swim in the rivers, but we contaminate them with sewerage, and we want good food to eat, but we destroy the land. We shouldn’t take more than we need from nature, and treat is with respect and reverence. That way nature will provide for us. People should look at this essay and realize how important nature is and to stop and enjoy its splendor as much as possible. Emerson’s words that â€Å"the seasons are not always tricked in holiday attire† are very true in that the beauty is always there, but we just don’t care to pay attention to it. If everyone could feel the same about nature as Emerson did, we could all enjoy life so much more and, in my opinion, life would be much better for all.

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding Essays - Freudian Psychology

Lord of the Flies by William Golding Pieces of the Puzzle: the Island as a Macrocosm of Man In viewing the various aspects of the island society in Golding's Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society, a converse perspective must also be considered. Golding's island of marooned youngsters then becomes a macrocosm, wherein the island represents the individual human and the various characters and symbols the elements of the human psyche. As such, Golding's world of children's morals and actions then becomes a survey of the human condition, both individually and collectively. Almost textbook in their portrayal, the primary characters of Jack, Ralph and Piggy are then best interpreted as Freud's very concepts of id, ego and superego, respectively. As the id of the island, Jack's actions are the most blatantly driven by animalistically rapacious gratification needs. In discovering the thrill of the hunt, his pleasure drive is emphasized, purported by Freud to be the basic human need to be gratified. In much the same way, Golding's portrayal of a hunt as a rape, with th e boys ravenously jumping atop the pig and brutalizing it, alludes to Freud's basis of the pleasure drive in the libido, the term serving a double Lntendre in its psychodynamic and physically sensual sense. Jack's unwillingness to acknowledge the conch as the source of centrality on the island and Ralph as the seat of power is consistent with the portrayal of his particular self-importance. Freud also linked the id to what he called the destructive drive, the aggressiveness of self-ruin. Jack's antithetical lack of compassion for nature, for others, and ultimately for himself is thoroughly evidenced in his needless hunting, his role in the brutal murders of Simon and Piggy, and finally in his burning of the entire island, even at the cost of his own life. In much the same way, Piggy's demeanor and very character links him to the superego, the conscience factor in Freud's model of the psyche. Golding marks Piggy with the distinction of being more intellectually mature than the others, branding him with a connection to a higher authority: the outside world. It is because the superego is dependent on outside support that Piggy fares the worst out of the three major characters in the isolat ion of the island. Piggy is described as being more socially compatible with adults, and carries himself with a sense of rationale and purpose that often serves as Ralph's moral compass in crisis; although Ralph initially uses the conch to call the others, it is Piggy who possesses the knowledge to blow it as a signal despite his inability to do so. Similarly, Piggy's glasses are the only artifact of outside technology on the island, further indication of his correlation to greater moral forces. In an almost gothic vein, these same glasses are the only source of fire on the island, not only necessary for the boys' rescue, but responsible for their ultimate destruction. Thus does fire, and likewise Piggy's glasses, become a source of power. Piggy's ideals are those most in conflict with Jack's overwhelming hunger for power and satiation. It is in between these representations of chaos and order that Ralph falls. Golding's depiction of Ralph as leader is analogous to Freud's placement of the ego at the c enter of the psyche. Ralph performs as the island's ego as he must offset the raw desires of the id with the environment using the superego as a balancing tool. This definition is consistent with Ralph's actions, patronizing Jack's wish to hunt with their collective need to be rescued, often turning to Piggy for advice. Initially, in the relative harmony of the island society's early emergence, Ralph is able to balance the opposing id and superego influences in order to forge a purpose: rescue. It is only as the balance devolves that the fate of the island's inhabitants is darkly determined. Among Ralph, Piggy and Jack exists a constant struggle to assert their particular visions over the island. As the authority of leadership by default falls to Ralph, the conch then becomes symbolic of the consciousness. Its possession rotates between Ralph and Piggy in order to determine logical courses of action for the boys. Jack however, constantly

Bansonyi essays

Bansonyi essays Sharon Matute October 24, 1999 Art 100 007 Professor Sax Art can be used to study the progression of a civilization through time. Art is usually used to express ones beliefs religiously, politically, and sometimes as a source of communication, which is accomplished through imagery. Symbols in works of art can be related to nature and myths.1 From the beginning of Chinese history, art and philosophy worked hand-in-hand with the creation of a work of art. Chinese art was used as evidence of a persons behavior and attitude towards nature and other beings (e.g. the nicer the painting the better the person.)2 During the seventh and eighth centuries Chinese art was at its peak. China at this time was under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the beautiful work being manufactured China became a multinational society. Paintings and sculptures were not the only works that China would receive admiration for. Their music and literature (poems which sometimes explained works of art) were also at their richest points,3 Tang art has incomparable vigor, realism, dignity... There is an optimism, an energy, a frank acceptance of tangible reality which gives the same character to all Tang art, whether it be the most splendid fresco from the hand of a master or the humblest tomb figurine made by the village potter. (Sullivan 160) When a piece of artistic work was considered good all that really mattered was the amount of effort that went into the piece and not the derivation of the persons economic class. Scarce materials were used very often in the creation of Chinese artifacts. One of the mot famous and revered stones used was Jade, which was very hard and indestructible. Jade cannot be found in China; it was traded with Burma, which is located on the outer edge of China, so it is amazing to know how much work was done with it in the 600 and 70 ...

ENGLISH 111 TIMED REFLECTION PAPER Essays - Writing, Free Essays

ENGLISH 111 TIMED REFLECTION PAPER Essays - Writing, Free Essays ENGLISH 111 TIMED REFLECTION PAPER When I started this class, I thought that I knew quite about writing. However, as it progressed it soon became clear that I knew less that I thought. This class has shown me how to take my personal skills and adapt them to fit each type of writing. As a student of English writing class, I have learned to appreciate the peaceful, yet exciting moments when I reminisced through the stages of this class. As Yagelski Roberts says in 10 core concepts in writing number 1 8, " Writing is a process of discovery and learning " and " Revision is an essential part of writing". In the early stage of the class, I wanted to know the true meaning of the two concepts or what the author intended, However, I have now realized how and what these means to me and my writing. I have always been a person of different thoughts, but through my course work, I have greatly sharpened my critical analysis and writing skills. Instead of drifting away and losing focus, I delved into a meaningful knowledge an d purpose. I have learned to continuously ask "how" and "why" on my different levels of the English writing class. In level 1, I understood c ommunication theory and roles audience play in the writing process. I challenged myself to dig into a text as deeply as possible and unpack every detail to develop a satisfying close read. Level 2, I learned to apply critical reading and thinking skills to the writing process. Also, by reading multiple core readings from different authors like "The Indian Education " by Alexie Sherman and "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara. I have learned to identify different writing styles and making summarizes/ connections that weave text together; this helped me in writing project (WP 1) to develop a deeper understanding of the article. This class has helped me to focus on directing my writing into correct levels of language. At level 3. I learned how to demonstrate an awareness of language as a tool for learning and communicating, develop strategies fo r making independent, critical evaluations of myself. I also engaged in research and critically evaluate information to produce writing with APA or MLA, which consist of the in-text citation and final list of all sources cited. It is difficult to identify gaps in my knowledge as a freshman in college doing writing as a course, only because I feel I have learned so much. The WP2, (The Comparative Analysis) of two core reading gave me an insight of my writing skills, after comparing "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara with " Indian Education by Alexie Sherman, I feel I am beginning to discover myself in writing. "Every writer have something to say" (Yagelski, R 2015) I feel that I have largely expanded my literary comparative analysis and writing skills but I needed to prepare myself for using the source cited to for my annotated bibliography. I think it should be useful to identify the peer response which helps me to study them myself. Level 4, I learned to apply strategies fo r the composition process such as writing the first draft and utilizing peer response and evaluation before the final collaboration, and revision. I also learned how to write well- organized essay with a firm thesis and clear introduction, body, and conclusion, engage in determined pre- writing activities, including narrowing a topic, generating ideas, determine the audience and content, and setting an appropriate tone. The Annotated bibliography gave me a deep understanding of writing project 3, by studying the required text and th inking about how to react to it . The WP3(informative Essay) was an into deep skin essay, knowing that " Writing is a process of discovery and learning" and " Revision is an essential part of writing" (Yagelski, R 2015). I know now that my ability to write and express my ideas, thoughts, and knowledge has grown stronger I would always remain grateful to this class for rekindling my stars as they were now polished to shine.

Irish Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Irish Civil War - Essay Example These divisions become the cause to the complexity which arose in the Irish civil war. Religious divisions often were more intense then the political ones and political divisions appeared to change every month depending on recent objectives (Neeson 1990). A detailed understanding of the causes which led to Irish civil war requires an analysis of the people and events before war started as well as the vents that took place throughout the war. Like many protestant groups Sinn Fein made a military wing, and by 1914 civil war seemed unavoidable. The occurrence of the First World War nevertheless a lot of important events, like the British Parliament suspension a bill permitting free Irish home rule. The home rule bill's suspension was opposed by three small nationalist groups, these were the Citizen Army, this was an illegal group of citizens of Dublin, the Irish volunteers, which was a national body of defence, and the Sinn Fein, all got together by their military wings and made arrangements for the Easter Uprising, this was one of the most prominent events which led to the civil war. At noon on the 24th of April in 1916 (Younger 1986), approximately two thousand Irish nationalists took over the Dublin Post Office as well as other points in the city which could help them in their mission. The rebellion's leaders announced the Irish independence; they were in control of Dublin city by 25th April1. A counter offensive was launched by the British on the 26th of April, and martial law was implemented throughout Ireland2. This led to violent street fighting in the city, but the British forces were stronger as they were better armed they thus they were successful in slowly removing the Irish nationalists from the places which they had taken over. On the 29th of April the post office building which was the rebel headquarters, was attacked by the heavily armed British army, eventually the rebels had to surrender. Approximately four hundred and forty troops of the British army died in the small battle at the post office, and almost an equal of number Irishmen lost their lives. 15 rebels were put to death. Sinn Fein's leader Eamon de Valera was also was also given the death sentence. His sentence was changed to life imprisonment, the next he was given. Amnesty (Liam 2006). Even though the rebellion was not successful it had the support of a lot of Irish people, and the public extremely opposed the death sentence of fifteen rebels, this further strengthened Sinn Fein's electoral support. In the election 's of 1918, the candidates of Sinn Fein candidates won seventy three out of hundred and six seats which were allotted to Ireland for the British Parliament3. Due to such great support, in January of 1919 the members of Parliament which belonged to the Sinn Fein held a meeting in Dublin and announced independence of Ireland, for their objective they made Eamon de Valera their president. Sinn Fein 's armed wing, which was known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) after the meeting began a violent guerrilla war in opposition to the British troops who were

Reproduction Of Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reproduction Of Poetry - Essay Example However, the major challenge that has raised controversy is reproduction of art. There are different views on whether art should be reproduced. While some views are in support of reproduction of art, others have sharply criticised it. Nonetheless, with regard to poetry, reproduction of poetry holds many benefits, and these are in relation to reaching mass audiences, as well as maintaining the aura and originality of the original work. Many writers have written different articles to express their views and arguments on reproduction of art. This paper bases on a major work of Davis Douglas, â€Å"The Work of Art in the Age of Digital Reproduction,† that was published in 1995. This is the primary source in this paper. The views of Davis are analysed, and by use of a secondary source; â€Å"Sona Books,† by Magi Jill, it will be possible to determine ways through which reproduction of poetry benefits the authors and audiences without distorting the original work. While Davis in his article supports reproduction of art, Mag focuses on the challenges of publishing poetry, and the overall low popularity of the literature genre. Davis supports reproduction of art by basing on important aspects of art, which he proves that reproduction does not influence them in any adverse manner. For instance, Davis focuses on the aura of the work. He argues that reproduction does not betray the aura of the original work, but instead, it enhances it (381). Therefore, the same applies to poetry, as it is an art form. When poems are reproduced, slight changes might be made to the original work. However, this does destroy the quality of the original work. Instead the quality is enhanced, as sometimes reproduced works might be better than original works. It is also possible to argue that the aura of an art work does not lie in the art work, but is determined by the audience. Therefore, the aura and uniqueness of an art work is determined by the art world and its critiques of the art

Change process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change process - Essay Example There was a formal procedure and organisation but the informal organisation structure was much stronger. All the processes of the organisation but these are highly influenced by numbers of factors like interest of particular director and people directly or indirectly related to the process. This was reducing the enthusiasm for the people who really wanted to work. People working with the organisation from considerable time knew about the work culture and the influences these bosses had. The organization's functions were divided into five major tasks and under five departments. These are administration, marketing and sales, production and finance. The business environment was such that the subordinates are more concerned of being boss's favourites than their jobs. Politics and competition was prevalent in the organisation due to different types of bossism. The survival in the organisation was depending on how well you can maintain relationship with the bosses. This was having bad impact the environment, work culture, innovativeness, customer focused approach and many others. This kind of organisation is defined as Culture & 'God' by Handy. It is symbolised by Web or wheel. It is described as a culture where power radiates from (the person or person at) the centre. Similarly in this confectionary company, decisions are centred on the family members rather than to address specific problem. These people had experiences of doing business in hundred years old ways. However things started changing when a new CEO took over after his father. This person was dynamic and open for changing the culture of the organisation to improve business process. He started with separating different key businesses and objectives of the organisation. He hired a new marketing head with the expectations of changing organisational culture and environment. The new Marketing Head has twenty seven years of vast experience and had handled some of the major brands in the past. The appointment of this person resulted in different types of resistance from all over the organisation. The new CEO handled it carefully. He ensured all the family members and extended family members that he is looking forward for more businesses which this person can bring as he has knowledge and experience of the market, new trends and different other aspects. The new Marketing Manager started his work with a formal meeting in an informal way. He tried to change the formal structure. Changing formal structure helps to break the line of authority and create a new one. He did not ignore the informal structure and ensured that people are occupied with new ideas, enthusiasm to work and have some pressure to exert excellence. He used different strategies according to the nature and orientations of the subordinates. He used mentoring for those who were willing to work, Mentoring is a process to influence people and show them a way. It provides a direction and help to solve various issues. Mentoring is being trusted by people, actively supporting and guiding people to achieve personal and professional goals. (Johnson, Gerry and Scholes 2002). The Marketing Head changed the existing functional teams according to the market and job requirements. The existing employees resisted this course of action and complained to their bosses. However the support of CEO was so strong for the Marketing head that no one could do

Psychological Theories Of Crime

Psychological Theories Of Crime Psychology and Crime Psychology of crime tries to give an explanation how some people deviate from the social norms and choose to commit crime. It is also a tool commonly used in the investigation process that helps investigators interview suspects effectively. Definitions of Crime A crime is generally considered as an act that is against what criminal law says. Crimes that are mala prohibita vary with time and place and are dependent relative to cultural context and values but crimes that are mala in se are universally forbidden. mala in se crimes include murder or theft. Consensus Theories This view regards all crimes to be intolerable to all society. Society as a whole agrees upon and formulates a written code which defines crimes and is a reflection of values, beliefs, and opinions of societys mainstream culture. There is a consensus between the majority in society as these agree on which behaviours should be criminalized or not. Sutherland and Cressey link crime with criminal law as according to them criminal behaviour is a violation that goes against mainstream beliefs. They also believe that the legal system deals with crime uniformly thus dealing with all kinds of different people in the same way. Social harm the consensus view distinguishes between illegal behaviours that cause social harm and those that do not. Deviant behaviour is against social norms but does not cause social harm. Deviant acts although deemed shocking or immoral are not necessarily criminal. However the consensus view still condemns victimless crimes even though they have wilful participants, they argue that this behaviour could undermine the social fabric and that all members of society must be protected even if they choose to engage in high-risk behaviours. On the other hand some other theorists of the Consensus View claim that deviance is in fact beneficial in society as it challenges old-fashioned ideas and brings about the needed change in society. Conflict Theories The Conflict Perspective believes that criminal law reflects and protects established economic, racial, gendered and political power. This perspective portrays society as a collection of different groups who are in constant conflict with each other as they are all the time struggling to achieve and maintain this power. Groups use the law in their favour to assert their political power. Therefore they consider criminal law as existing to protect those in power. According to this view the definition of crime is in the hands and monopolised in favour of those who have power. Crime is shaped by the ruling class instead of by societal consensus. Benign violent acts ensure tranquillity preventing the underclass from overthrowing their capitalist exploiters. Conflict theorists believe punishments are not given fairly and thus this theory holds that the system is shaped by the ruling class for the ruling class. For instance lower class people get harsher punishments for petty crimes than do white collar criminals. According to the conflict perspective, real crimes would include violations of human rights and inadequate childcare amongst others. Interactionist Theories According to the Interactionists, people act according to their interpretations of reality and assign meanings accordingly. They observe the way others react whether positively or negatively and then re-evaluate and interpret their own behaviour according to the meanings they have learned from others. Interactionists assert that people in power use their influence to impose their definition of right and wrong on others. To Interactionists crimes are outlawed behaviours because society has defined them that way. Criminal law is shaped by moral entrepreneurs who use their influence to shape the legal system the way they see it. Interactionists argue that crime has no meaning unless people react to it in a negative way. 2. Theories of Crime Classical Theories Basic elements of classical theories: In society people have free will to choose criminal or lawful solutions to meet their needs and settle their problems. Criminal solutions may be more attractive because they have a quicker and greater payoff. Persons choice of crime may be controlled by fear of punishment. The more severe, swift and certain the punishment is the better it is able to control criminal behaviour. The classical perspective influenced judicial philosophy; at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, prisons started to appear as a form of punishment. Punishment by execution also began to be used for the most serious of offences. Let the punishment fit the crime is the key idea where punishment prevents persons from doing crime and from doing serious crime. Positivist Theories New discoveries in biology, astronomy and chemistry influenced social researchers to use the same scientific method to be applied to explain human behaviour. Human behaviour is a function of forces beyond the persons control. Behaviour is influenced by forces some of which are social, political, historical and biological. A persons biological makeup and structure also influence behaviour. The scientific method is used to solve social problems including human behaviour. Factual first hand information and observations are used. The work of Charles Darwin on the evolution of man encouraged further the development of science and that human activity could be verified by scientific principles. Physiognomists studied facial features of criminals to determine whether the shape of the nose, ears, eyes and the distance between them were associated with antisocial behaviour whilst Phrenologists studied the shape of the skull and bumps on the head and sought to determine whether these attributes were linked to criminal behaviour. Cesare Lambroso (1835-1909) studied physical characteristics of soldiers convicted and executed for criminal offences and believed that criminals are inherently born criminal as they inherit traits which subject them to criminality. These born criminals suffer from atavistic anomalies meaning that they are throwbacks to more primitive times with enormous jaws, strong canine teeth, sloping shoulders and foreheads, full lips and flat feet. These criminal traits can be acquired or inherited in 2 ways: Indirect heredity inherited from a degenerate family whose members suffered from ills such as insanity, syphilis and alcoholism. Direct heredity being related to a family of criminals. Radical Criminology Radical or Marxist criminology explains crime within economic and social contexts expressing the connection among social conflict, crime and social control. Theories within radical criminology argue that conflict promotes crime by creating a social atmosphere in which law is a form of social control controlling dissatisfied members of society, whilst the affluent maintain their power. Therefore criminal behaviour is a function of conflict and a reaction to the unfair distribution of wealth and power in society. Social conflict has its theoretical basis in the works of Karl Marx as interpreted by Bonger, Dahrendorf and Vold. Conflict theorists suggest that crime in any society is caused by class conflict and laws are created by those in power to protect their rights and interests. Radical criminology views the capitalist system as a major cause of crime; the poor commit crimes because of their frustration, anger and need. The wealthy engage in illegal acts because they are used to competition and to maintain their positions in society therefore the state serves the interests of the ruling capitalist class. Criminal law is an instrument of economic oppression re-enforcing the oppression of the subordinate classes. There are 2 main branches of radical criminology referred to as instrumental and structural theory. Instrumental theorists believe that the legal system supports the owners at the expense of the workers. Structural theorists on the other hand believe that the law controls the power of the capitalists. Labelling Theories Labelling theories are interested in the effects of labelling on individuals and ask why some people committing some actions come to be defined as deviant, while others do not. Once a group or individuals having a certain common characteristic are labelled to be deviant the more likely they are to be arrested for, charged with, and convicted of a particular crime. The label attached may become so dominant that it is often referred to as the master status which is seen as more important than all the other aspects of the person. He or she becomes a hooligan or thief rather than a father, mother or friend. Each label carries with it prejudices and images and this may lead to others interpreting the behaviour of the labelled person in a particular way. For example, a person who volunteers to stay late at work is usually seen as worthy of praise, but, if a person has been labelled as a thief, people might be suspicious that they will steal something. For some people once a deviant label has been applied this can actually lead to more deviance. This happens when people start acting in the way they have been labelled. The Labelling Theory argues that no act is intrinsically criminal as crime is defined in the interest of the people in power therefore it is the designation of criminality by authorities which makes an act unlawful and a person who commits it a criminal. Everyone is a conformist in some ways and a deviant in other ways and therefore dividing people into criminal and non-criminal categories does not make any sense. 1. Police hold stereotypes about typical criminals. 2. They use these stereotypes to interpret the behaviour of suspected deviants 3. The closer that a person comes to the stereotype held by the police the more likely they are to be arrested for, charged with, and convicted of the crime. Lemerts Theory of Secondary Deviance Lemert suggests that deviance doesnt just happen with a single instance of behaviour. He argues that there is first an act which may be mischievous that deviates from the normatively expected behaviour and which results in a reaction from society. The reaction often involves admonition not to deviate again, and perhaps punishment. Other acts, and reactions, continue to occur. Lemert wisely suggests that some instances of deviance in this pattern are probably simply clumsy and unintended. Punishment and admonition for those acts may very well provoke a sense of being treated unjustly. After a series of such interdependent interactions, eventually the person begins to employ his deviant behaviour or a role based upon it as a means of defence, attack, or adjustment to the admonitions and prohibitions that behaviour provokes and this is what Lemert calls secondary deviance. 3. Measurement of Crime Crime is a part of society therefore it is important for it to be measured. Through measuring crime we can see the amount of crime present and therefore test the effectiveness of preventative measures. Crime trends can be estimated and may be used as information for policy makers. Measurement of crime in USA In the United States of America crime is mainly measured by two ways; the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Report. These two different measures are utilized to have a more accurate account of crime. The National Crime Victimization Survey began being used as it became apparent that not all crimes were reported to the police. A scientific survey would have to be conducted of the population in question to discover if they have been victims of crime and have not reported this to the police. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) are the major crime reports that are reported to the police. These are then given to the F.B.I and they publish these reports. Measurement of crime in Britain In Britain the yearly British Crime Survey (BCS) and police records are both used to measure crime rates. Before 1982 only police records were used however it became evident that this was not enough. The BCS is analysed along with the police records to try and determine a precise analysis of the crime in England and Wales. The BCS is considered to be a dependable source of long term crime trends as it delves into detail about the victims experiences of the crimes along with the fear of crime in the particular areas. All this information is published in the annual report: Crime in England and Wales. Police Records Police records include all the reported crimes to the police which are in turn recorded in their database. These provide a valuable source of information for researchers, members of the press and even the police themselves. However these are still not a reliable source of the crime rates of a particular area as they only include crimes that police officers and victims actually do report. Not all reports are available to the public for a variety of reasons such as; to protect national security, to respect an ongoing investigation or even not to interfere with the prosecution or apprehension of criminal offenders. The Dark figure of crime A large percentage of crime committed remains unreported. This trend seems prevalent in many areas and this could be due to multiple reasons. One such reason could be that the person is unaware that they are a victim, such as in cases of fraud or even with drug dealers, where the buyer does not feel like the victim of a crime as he/she is also an active component of the crime. A victim may also feel embarrassed to report the crime which is often the case in sexual abuse and also in certain cases of physical abuse. The victim may decide to protect the offender which can be found in cases such as spousal abuse or it the victim knows the offender etc. It could also be that the victim is not in a position to protect themselves; such is the case with victims of a young age, old age, mentally challenged, physically challenged etc. The trivialisation of certain crimes, such as littering, and the lack of faith in the police and the judicial system, may also result in a deficiency of reports to the police. A victim may feel the wait for justice through the policing system may take too long and even decide to take hold of matters themselves inflicting payback on the offender themselves. This in turn, may be an act of crime in itself. People involved in criminal behaviour tend to take up this kind of activity where they are unlikely to make a report when they are in turn are made victims. The nature of a crime affects the likelihood of the crime being reported, if the crimes are of a serious nature or would entail police reports in order to make insurance claims. Police discretion may also influence the information represented on police records due to several factors such as; the type of policing which may affect crime patterns and rates. Police in different areas or with different methods may classify crime differently and also the fact that police stereotyping affects who the police search, arraign, arrest and investigate. During police campaigns that lead to arrests and convictions in regards to certain crimes, an increase in that particular crime would be recorded on the police records. However it is important to note that this may not be the case as the increase in the crime records may be a result of more arrests, not due to the increase of the crime itself. Several police forces do not report certain crimes as viewed as unimportant and are overlooked. Offender Surveys Offenders are also a component of crime researchers attempt to investigate. This is done through the use of Offender surveys where participants are asked if they have ever committed a crime. These are often criticised for being too subjective as they rely on the participants perception of what constitutes a crime. They seek to uncover the perpetrators of crime, particularly for crime that is not reported in order to identify the offenders experiences of crime. Victim Surveys Victim surveys help provide a better and more accurate picture of crime representation alongside official police statistics. Through sampling, a selection of individuals are chosen and asked whether they have been victims of crime and most importantly if they reported these crimes to enforcement agencies. National Crime Victimization Survey United States

Development of Feminism and Its Impact on Religion

Feminism is a movement concerned with the advocacy of uplifting the roles and status of women. This struggle of campaigning for women's rights has started from the nineteenth century up to the present. It takes in various forms of protests and activities, all of which are geared towards the attainment of equal rights for women from different classes. This movement has gone across different borders including their struggle in the areas of politics, economics, social status, and in the religious aspect.Over the history, the disparity of rights between males and females is noticeable. Women have become victims of discrimination and double standards. However, the growth of the feminist movements is considered successful in the way that women have become more empowered and represented in different arenas. In the area of religion, feminism has become a distinct philosophy and it has gained influence and respect from different groups. In certain religious groups, women are now allowed to ho ld certain positions of power.Women are now ordained as clergy, hence granting them rights that were in the past held solely by men (â€Å"Feminism and Religion). Feminist philosophers of religion also became widely influential in the study of religion, and as such they were able to provide remarkable standpoints on how religion is to be viewed in a perspective that is beneficial to women. Thus, this has served as a useful tool for women in expressing their own beliefs, ideas and relate their experiences to other people in a way that they are properly heard without being negatively criticized (Frankenberry 2005).This development in the feminist movement was able to seek transformation in the society by challenging social insitutions and attempting to change social norms and standards. The emergence of female heroic figures and saints is an example of how feminist movements have developed over time (Hunt 2004). The challenges posted by feminism became strong that feminists around th e world were able to gather support and hasten changes in the society, not only in political and economic aspects, but also in the field of religion which was for long been dominated by men.

Logical Reasoning Ability

I have known Mr. Avvijit Tandon as my student for the past one year. He is basically a creative person, always trying to present his ideas in a creative manner. He has a good logical reasoning ability and will always try to solve problems efficiently. In addition,he has demonstrated excellent powers of observation, and has the ability to communicate and suggest changes that were effective upon implementation. From the beginning of the course,he began to re-define our expectations of a good student leader.He regularly discussed with his fellow students about the subjects and brought in new ideas. Without prompting or precedence he spent several days working odd hours on his projects . Along the course he had an excellent sense of perception about the other subjects too, and improving the flow from one subject to the other and one concept to another concept – all to the great praise of both the staff and the fellow students in his class. He had also observed something about a co mmon aspect of the learning process that was applicable to all subjects at our department.He has written several assignments on our subjects, some of which have been excellent. He is always valued for his contribution and the skill and sensitivity with which he presented his ideas. Mr. Avvijit has also demonstrated his logical and analytical abilities in last one year. Being the COST ACCOUNTING teacher for Mr. Avvijit, I have seen him grow in communicative abilities tremendously over the last one year. His attentive listening and great enthusiasm has helped him overcome any language limitations.He is both self- confident and independent, and has a great sense of humor that has helped him form strong relationships peers, and members of our staff. In all of these areas, Mr. Avvijit has gone beyond expectations, and has out-shined all others in his peer-group at our college. He is a very admirable and ambitious person. I have no doubt that he will be a serious and enthusiastic student, and someday a successful person that you would be proud to call him an alumni. I wish him all the best in his higher education and strongly recommend him for Masters at your esteemed university.

Medical Mariujana essays

Medical Mariujana essays Put yourself in this position...your diagnosed with AIDS, cancer, glaucoma, or just chronic pain from old age. The medication your taking works, but after a while it is making your body dependent on the drug, eating away your stomach lining, you cant eat, you feel nauseated and you are losing weight fast. This doesnt sound too productive, in fact it doesnt sound fun, but the alternative can be fun and help all the previous listed symptoms go away. That is why I am urging you to contact your state senator, Chuck Grassly on House Bill 2592 on supporting the States Rights to Medical Marijuana. I. In recent years AIDS victims, cancer victims, and illnesses have risen to 40 million in the US alone. Many suffering with chronic problems due to prescription medication. II. AIDS patients have as much difficulty ingesting medications for nausea as they do food. The medications simply don't stay down long enough to take effect. III. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, January 30, 1997, "The advanced stages of many illnesses and their treatments are often accompanied by intractable nausea, vomiting, or pain. IV. Standard medications have side effects that marijuana doesn't. With many pain medications, a steady level must be maintained in the bloodstream. a. There is no "time off" from side effects like 1. Drug interactions must be monitored. Liver screens are necessary to prevent toxicity. I. This is why I urge you to contact your senator Chuck Grassly and vote yes on House Bill 2592 on supporting Rights to Medical Marijuana. i. the prescription or recommendation of marijuana by a physician for medical use ii. allows an individual to use it, without l ...

Three Peeves in One Newspaper Article

Three Peeves in One Newspaper Article Three Peeves in One Newspaper Article Three Peeves in One Newspaper Article By Maeve Maddox Im one of the diminishing breed that wakes to a rolled newspaper at my front door. Sadly, I often find food for DWT posts when I open it. This morning not one, but three pet peeves leapt to my eye, all from the same story. I wont use real names. The article is about the sentencing of a man, Smith, who was an accessory to the murder of a teenager, Jones. Another man, Green, was tried separately. Green, the triggerman, has already been tried and sentenced†¦ The choice of the word triggerman bothers me because it is one of those words that has its place in fiction, but doesnt belong in a straight news story. Its use has the effect of glamorizing a punk who killed a 17 year old for $30 and a hat. It belongs to a category of dime novel words that strike me as being out of place in general reporting, detective yarn words like heist, bust, and swag. The two [Smith and the triggerman] were suppose to give Jones a ride to his home. They were supposed to give Jones a ride. Two females went along also†¦ The use female as a noun outside a medical or natural history context always bothers me. Ive written about these particular peeves elsewhere on the DWT site: Inappropriate word choice to report on crime Use of -ed verb forms Non-technical use of female as a noun Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SDoes "Mr" Take a Period?Honorary vs. Honourary

Child Abuse in America I need this tonight by 1 am CST Coursework

Child Abuse in America I need this tonight by 1 am CST - Coursework Example In order to be able to tackle this problem, it is imperative that the factors responsible for the growth of this social evil are identified and eradicated from the society. To serve this purpose, this research aims at identifying the factors that play a role in the spread of child abuse at the domestic level. While there is a whole range of factors that play a role in the growth of child abuse in the American society both domestic and social, the scope of this research is limited to the identification of domestic factors. These factors can include but are not limited to divorce, lack of parental attention, and psychological problems of the children as a result of these and such other factors. This research would not only help identify the factors that cause child abuse in the American society to occur, but would also help categorize the factors according to their level of severity. This is important in order to decide which factors should be tackled at the earliest in order to halt t he spread of child abuse on immediate basis. The audience of this project is primarily the parents that have the risk of or have already suffered from child abuse. The audience also includes the law-making bodies because this research would provide them with useful information about the safety and custody of children in broken marriages, so that the laws can be modified or amended in the best interest of the children. In addition to that, this research’s audience includes all those couples that are considering breaking up because this research would make them aware of the potentially adverse impacts of their breakup that their children are likely to suffer from. This research would help create the awareness needed by the parents to minimize the risks of child abuse for their children. My role in this project would primarily be that of an advocate. On the basis of the level of severity

FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKETING - Essay Example The financial service business is more about building a fruitful and beneficial relationship for both the parties. The key to this successful relationship is customer satisfaction, trust and commitment. The customer should be satisfied with the services they are getting from the financial institution they are engaged with and they must have an idea that this is the best which they can get and may not be considering switching to competitors at any point in time. This service industry is Business to Business (B2B) or Business to Customer (B2C) by nature. It requires internal marketing of its values and the ideology about customer satisfaction which needs to be delivered. The staff must be competent enough to understand and satisfy the needs of the customers. It should define the staff clearly that their role is not only to deal with the customers face to face but also to support and assist the customers with the interface. This requires relationship management which is concerned direct ly to cater customers and be interactive with them regarding ongoing purchases and future benefits available about making certain transaction. The financial market is complicated and risky both, so the new entrants must be communicated about the volatility of the market. DIFFERENTIATION To create value of the product for the customer the marketer must first understand the nature of the financial service themselves. They must always seek for opportunities to create differentiation of the product. These opportunities can be sought by understanding the culture and norms of the individuals. Usually all that a marketer can do is to make a value proposition and then the customer will derive value in use from the offerings....Studying about the functionality of various markets can improve that skill of adaptability. This course of Financial Services Marketing has highlighted many areas and challenges which a business of such nature has to face. Learning about these challenges has helped me in assessing all the businesses and their functionality. CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION Today’s job market has become very competitive. Employees have to undergo through several challenges on every walk of their career. Only those individuals who think outside the box become successful. It was creativity and innovation which made Steve Jobs and Bill gates successful. Wait for the right opportunity and avail it when it comes with the right attitude. Following the above mentioned attitude ensures success. Always be prepared for challenges because only those people who get through these challenges accomplish their goal. ENHANCED ANALYTICAL SKILLS Studying Financial Service Marketing has enhanced my analytical skills to great extent. I am positive that this will help increase my chances of future employability. Thorough learning provided me with the opportunity to analyze a large volume of data. This course has prepared me about how to apply various marketing models to analyze or speculate a business. Now, I can deal with problems more effectively and hope to handle problems before they become a major problem.

Avoiding Overspend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Avoiding Overspend - Essay Example Whenever there is a deviation from the planned programme causing change, recovery, rework, panic that lowers the specifications for project to be completed in time, it invariably results in overrun and consequent overspend that may lead to penalties. M'pherson The control measures adopted in project management usually aim at mapping the deviation from the defined plan. There are hardly any measures to identify areas of cost saving. The urgency to save, therefore precipitates at a near final stage which is an inappropriate time for cost saving. Cost saving needs maximum consideration at the planning and design stage itself. Once implementation begins, changes only escalate costs and cause delays. he key lies in managing requirements in such a way that overspend can be avoided. Cost control is necessarily an important step towards avoiding overspend. Some strategies for cost control are discussed below: 1. Involvement of Executive Management: Project cost control manifests its effectiveness best, when the executive management is involved in the decisions at all major phases of the project. It helps if the executive management can "recognize the importance of project risk management for identifying and planning to head off at least the most obvious potential risk events" (Max). 2. Estimating Project Budget: The cost of the total work of the project needs to be estimated at the planning stage. Detailed estimating, bottom up estimating, order of magnitude, analogus or parametric estimates can be used to project the cost of all activities and the entire project. If planning is done well, overspending at a later stage can be avoided. The risk management approach to planning can also help evaluate the assumptions and environmental conditions that dominate the project plan, so that weaknesses can be identified and the effect of any risks thus identified, can be avoided. A contingency fund or reserves is usually then set aside to cope with such risks. The budget also needs to accommodate the inflation factor. For this, final estimates are arrived at and then inflation cost is added as a percentage or lump sum. The inflation allowance then gets allocated to each cost item in relation to the actual expected inflation over the period for which costs are expected to b e incurred. 3. Establish baseline cost for each activity: To establish a realistic baseline, communication and integration of various types of information is extremely important. This may require robust

Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay Example for Free

Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay In Malcolm Gladwell’s The Outliers, his goal is to convince the reader that â€Å"people don’t rise from nothing† and that â€Å" we do owe something to parentage and patronage. † Although certain people’s success requires prerequisites of talent and knowledge. I agree with Gladwell that it is not solely because of these talents that these people are successful. However, their success most often is dependant on one’s past good fortune. For example, when or where one was born and raised, one’s cultural background and family legacies, one’s schooling, and many other factors, create opportunities for success where these talents can be utilized. Although some people are thought to have risen from nothing or to have gone from rags to riches, the fact is no one is capable of creating their own success without the help of others and good fortunes along the way. In this passage, a point that Gladwell points out is that success can be created by parentage and patronage, hidden advantages and opportunities, cultural backgrounds and family legacies. An example of the importance of one’s cultural backgrounds and family influence is the way we are raised. Our parents, as our first teachers have a big role in who will become in our lives; they teach us how to interact with other people, how to act in certain situations and how to present ourselves to others. The different religious and cultural backgrounds of our parents, and also the way our parents were raised have an enormous impact on the way our parents raise us. As a parent, the balancing of strictness, pressure, giving, loving, helping, and withholding, among other factors can be difficult, with the question being what balance is the best to raise a child. Because we are all raised in different ways everyone has different views on how to raise a child based on their knowledge of how they were raised. This proves that the way we are raised can make the difference in our success. An example of how parentage and patronage play a role in one’s success is sometimes evident in schooling. Everyday people acquire things they may not deserve because of their family and who they may know. A very common example of this is the use of legacies for admission into a university. Students use their parental legacies at schools all the time and depending on the school this can have an impact on the student’s admission to the school. Another strategy applicants use to help their admission into a school is to search for someone to write their recommendation letter that will have the most amount of influence on the admissions office. Another example of how â€Å"whom you know† can make the difference in one’s success is when looking for jobs. If your aunt, father, grandfather or friend owns or works at a successful business and they help you get a job, sometimes right out of college even if you aren’t as qualified as someone else who wants the job. This way, you are getting an opportunity that you wouldn’t have had otherwise that could make the difference of your success. Therefore, everyday instances like using legacies to get into college, inquiring jobs because of nepitism, or even getting moved up to an honors class because your mom called the school can create success for our futures. In this excerpt from Malcom Gladwell’s The Outliers, Gladwell makes the point that success requires help from others and good fortune to get ahead and become successful. I think whether we realize it or not we are always using advantages we have to get ahead in our own lives, in order to set us up for a more successful future.

The Nature of Humanity in the Work of Sherwood Anderson Essay -- Human

The Nature of Humanity in the Work of Sherwood Anderson A common staple of horror stories—in film and on the page—is the scene of the frightened and indignant villagers chasing the monster who has been terrorizing the townsfolk. In Sherwood Anderson’s â€Å"Hands,† the protagonist, Adolph Myers (Wing Biddlebaum) is a well-intentioned individual whose actions the people around him contort so that he becomes more fiend than friend. In Wing Biddlebaum, the very aspects of his character that make him human are those that society distorts to make him into a maladapted monster: first, the mystery that surrounds him causes the townspeople to misunderstand him; second, because of the accusations of his pedophilic homosexuality stemming from this misunderstanding, they demonized him into a pariah; and, third, the guilt that the â€Å"mob† forces him to feel ultimately confines him to his own prison of anguish. Approaching the story from this perspective demonstrates that Wing’s destiny is almost beyond his control, a destiny significantly manufactured by his society’s judgments. Wing is an extremely intricate person; however, most of the people among whom he lived in Pennsylvania before his current residence in Ohio failed to recognize this, as do his fellow citizens in the town of Winesburg. Anderson describes him as â€Å"one of those rare, little-understood men who rule by a power so gentle that it passes as a lovable weakness† (13). Just as his previous neighbors were unable to understand Wing fully, so are those among whom he currently lives: â€Å"the depth and complexity of [his] suffering† baffles them (Elledge 11). The very profundity of Wing’s situation explains why he â€Å"for twenty years had been the town mystery,† although osten... ...While he is obviously no monster, ironically, his weakness and frailty as a limited mortal prolong his fall from grace, making a rise from such a fall seem insurmountable, tragically preserving the inaccurate image of his soul as that of a mere depraved, malevolent, and corrupting offense to human decency. Works Cited Anderson, Sherwood. â€Å"Hands.† Winesburg, Ohio. New York: Bantam, 1995. 8-15. Brown, Lynda. â€Å"Anderson’s Wing Biddlebaum and Freeman’s Louisa Ellis.† Studies in Short Fiction 27.3 (1990): 413-414. Elledge, Jim. â€Å"Dante’s Lovers in Sherwood Anderson’s ‘Hands.’† Studies in Short Fiction 21.1 (1984): 11-15. Morgan, Gwendolyn. â€Å"Anderson’s ‘Hands.’† The Explicator 48.1 (1989): 46-47. Updike, John. â€Å"Twisted Apples: On Winesburg, Ohio.† The American Short Story and Its Writer. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford, 2000. 1464-1468.

Causes of Tsunami

The Causes of Tsunami All tsunamis are caused by the sudden displacement of large volumes of water. All are the result of violent events with enough power to displace large volumes very rapidly. Moreover, Tsunamis are often referred to high waves of water caused by changes in the flow and surge of the ocean. On the other hand, Tsunamis can be caused by a few different factors, which are an earthquake, a large-scale undersea landslide, a submarine volcanic eruption (Cause of Tsunami, n. d. ). Firstly, the vast majority of tsunamis results from the earthquake.The earth's surface is covered by the continents and sea floor which are parts of the world-wide system of plates that are in the very slow motion. An earthquake occurs where the edges of plates run into one another, which are called faults or fault lines. The forces along faults sometimes can build-up over long periods of time. Therefore, when rocks finally break, the earthquake happens. For example, some features generated by th e forces released along the edges of plates faults are the Andes Mountains in South America, which occurred on land and the Aleutian Trench near Alaska, which occurred under water.When rapid and powerful faulting occurs near the ocean or underneath the ocean, the large earthquake will be generated and possibly being the tsunami (What causes tsunami? , n. d. ). The process of a happening of tsunami is complicated. The magnitude and depth of earthquake, the water depth in the region of tsunami generation, the amount of vertical motion of the sea floor, the rapidity of such motion, whether there is coincident subsidence of sediments and the efficiency which the energy is transferred from crust of the earth to water in the ocean are all parts of the generation mechanism of Tsunamis.The energy accumulates in the major plate until it exceeds the frictional forces between the two stuck plates. When this situation happens, the major plate snap back into an unrestrained position. This motion is suddenly the cause of the tsunami because it gives a gigantic push to the overlying water. Additionally, at the same time of the happening, the inland areas of the major plate are suddenly lowered (What causes Tsunamis? , 2012). However, not all earthquakes generate tsunamis. To generate tsunamis, earthquakes must occur underneath or near the ocean, be large and create movements in the sea floor.All oceanic regions of the world can experience tsunamis, but in the Pacific Ocean there is a much more frequent occurrence of large, destructive tsunamis because of the many large earthquakes along the margins of the Pacific Ocean. Secondly, underwater landslides, coastal landslides falling into the ocean can displace enough water to generate a tsunami. Undersea landslides occur when there is a large amount of sediment dislodged from the seafloor which displaces a water column and potentially creating tsunami. Land sliding into the sea is usually caused by an earthquake.It may also caus e destructive local tsunami (What causes tsunami? , n. d. ). For instance, there is a case in 1958 where Lituya Bay in Alaska faced a tsunami caused by rockslide which an enormous boulder was loosed by an earthquake and then fell into the bay. The mass of rock striking the bay's surface created a gigantic splash, which sent water wave to the height of 1720 feet (Lituya Bay Close Up, n. d. ). Last but not least, though less common, volcanic eruptions and submarine explosions which occur near or under the ocean can all cause sufficient displacement of water to generate a tsunami.These can be occurred in several ways. One possibility is destructive collapses of coastal. Inland and underwater volcanoes result in massive landslides. They break down and collapse, so they release large amounts of ash and debris into the water. In addition, pyroclastic flows, which are the mixtures of dense including hot blocks, ash, pumice, and gas, plunging down volcanic slopes into the water pushing wate r outwards. A volcano collapsing after an eruption also causes overlying water to drop suddenly. Tsunamis can also be induced by submarine volcanoes.These underwater volcanoes can collapse downwards or spew forth lava heating the surrounding water quickly (What causes Tsunamis? , 2012). References Lituya Bay Close Up (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://www. usc. edu/dept/tsunamis/alaska/1958/webpages/lituyacloseup. html What causes tsunami? (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://beachsafe. org. au/tsunami/ema/pages/04_causes. html Cause of Tsunami (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://tsun. sscc. ru/tsulab/tgi_4. htm What causes Tsunamis? (November 12, 2012) retrieved from http://www. ga. gov. au/hazards/tsunami/tsunami-basics/causes. html

Discuss the Political, Social, and Economic Impact of the Civil War on the US

The total number of military causalities on both sides exceeded 1 million. More men died in the Civil War than in all other American wars combined until Vietnam. However, the Civil War impacted the United States well beyond just deaths. The Civil war brought fundamental alterations in the life of the nation, changing the economy, the political landscape, as well as ways of life. Economically, wartime measures had introduced new federal involvement in both he banking and transportation systems.The National Bank Acts of 1863, 1864, and 1865 helped to create a uniform currency in the nation. It also forced many major state institutions to join the national system. This gave the federal government even greater control over the economy of the nation. This also allowed for the government to assist in the establishment of businesses. There was also rapid and mass industrialization that took place in both the North and South. Such was needed in order to supply all the products needed to surv ive as well as fight this modern war.This brought about the Second Industrial Revolution. Much money was invested into public transportation, especially the railroads, in order to allow for easier and swifter transportation and communication. The government had also exercised its power to support manufacturing and business interests via means of tariffs, loans, and subsides. With the support from the government, there came a rise of capitalists. The extremely rich elites invested their money in a business and in turn created even larger profits. The War also, for the first time, brought economic unity to the US.The South joined the market system, abandoning their former semi-subsistence economy. Industrialization and large economic enterprises clearly had arrived to stay. Politically, important changes had accompanied the maintenance of the national unity. Under Republican leadership, the federal government had expanded its power not only to preserve the Union but also to extend its freedom. Through the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, freedom was given to all slaver. However, this did not grant them any rights nor did it grant them equality in any form.The executive offense definitely expanded its power, exercising martial law as well as suspending habeas corpus during the war. Constitutionally, this war shut the door on secession for it was determined as unconstitutional. Nullification also no longer existed, showing that federal law was supreme. State government must yield to the federal government. The only way to change a law that a state legislature disagrees with is by bringing it before the Supreme Court. Other than this, the state was not allowed to decide on the constitutionality a federal law.The federal government also extended its reach into the economic realm by implementing the National Banking Acts which gave it more power in the economy. Life during and after the Civil War shifted drastically. Life the south has dr amatically altered. Greater awareness of class inequality came about as there were unfair draft laws. The Civil War in the south was truly the rich man’s war, but the poor man’s battle. Many of the ordinary folks sacrificed necessities, while the rich only had to give up their luxuries at most.The south soon also realized that the semi-subsistence culture would not work if they wanted to become independent or fight this modern war against the North. So, the South had to turn to industrialization. Along with the North, industrialization occurred rapidly. This devalued human labor, causing wages to plummet. Along with massive inflations, the gap between the rich and the poor in society grew larger and larger. Despite emancipation, blacks were guaranteed nothing more than freedom. This left a population of poor blacks who were left to fend for themselves.Slavery disappeared, but racism still ran strong. In fact, racism probably ran stronger than ever before. The war also expanded the role of women in society. In the absence of men, women had to step up to fill the spots that were left open. This allowed for women to gain even greater freedom and economic power. War had come and gone, changing many things in its path. Wartime actions taken by the government of the United States spurred on the economy, changed the political arena, and also altered America’s society forever.

Phoniness and Innocence As Depicted in The Catcher in the Ry essays

Phoniness and Innocence As Depicted in The Catcher in the Ry essays In J.D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye one of the main problems that Holden (the books main character has) is dealing with people who dont act truly like themselves. Holden calls these people phonies threw out the book. The book also tells about the adventures of a disturbed 16-year-old boy named Holden Caulfield during the weekend that he has been expelled from yet another boarding school, Pencey Prep. Through Salingers description of Holdens actions, feelings, and opinions to the readers, we begin to see that he holds a very strong contempt for most people and things that exist in the adult world, or phonies as he refers to them. Wherever Holden goes, he is in search of truth and innocence, but always ultimately becomes frustrated by all the phoniness of the world, and no matter how hard he tries, he also can not protect other children from eventually being exposed to the same reality. Throughout his teenage years, Holden is placed in school after school that puts him in contact with phonies after phonies. When the book begins, Holden attends a boarding school called Pencey Prep, which he has recently been expelled from. He is kicked out of Pencey because he is failing four out of five subjects and not applying himself in the least. Holden has been kicked out of many boarding schools before, such as Elkton Hills. He tells us the main problem that he had with Elkton Hills when he says One of the biggest reasons I left Elkton Hills was because I was surrounded by phonies. Thats all. They were coming in the goddamn window (19). It seems that he can never find a school that is not filled with people which he places in the phony category. The reader begins to see the intense dislike that Holden shows toward many things because Pencey Prep. is supposed to be a very good school that molds boys...

How do the poems Havisham, The Sisters and Porphyrias Lover present the theme of madness Essays

How do the poems Havisham, The Sisters and Porphyrias Lover present the theme of madness Essays How do the poems Havisham, The Sisters and Porphyrias Lover present the theme of madness Paper How do the poems Havisham, The Sisters and Porphyrias Lover present the theme of madness Paper Essay Topic: Carol ann Duffy Poems Poetry Havisham by Carol Anne Duffy, The Sisters by Alfred Lord Tennyson and Porphyrias Lover by Robert Browning, are all studies of madness. Within each poem the main theme is presented in different ways such as using dramatic monologue, free verse and satire. Through examining poetic techniques and devices closely, I will identify the ways in which madness is portrayed in these poems. Carol Anne Duffys Havisham, published in the late 20th century, is based on the novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In the book, the character Havisham is percieved as a mentally strong person, who would never want to show any type of weakness. However, Duffy takes a satirical approach towards Havishams character. She twists Havisham and makes her reveal the weakness and anger in her heart that breaks, I stabbed. Havisham is shown to be mad and obsessed with her tragic past not a day since then I havent wished him dead as her life seems to have stopped at the time she was jilted on her wedding day the dress yellowing. She has never stepped outside her house since, which also stopped in time like the rest of the things in her life, I stabbed at a wedding cake. Everything is in the same place as it was at twenty to nine, the time Havisham was jilted. This reveals her insanity as she who would choose to live like that for so many years? Havisham is a completely obsessive character, who is determined not to let go of her past and keeps going over it again and again ropes on the back of my hands. She despises herself spinster and sees herself as a skeleton slewed mirror, all distorted. The poem is written as a dramatic monologue which shows that Havisham wants everyone to believe she is a strong character, but actually has no idea what she is revealing b-b-b-breaks. This would make confirm anyones beliefs that she is mad, as anyone who can talk about how much they feel shattered and live like its the end of the world, and still think people believe she is strong have completely lost their mind. She feels completely trapped and is nervous wreck. Havisham shows madness in many ways, firstly by the use of tautology which creates a rambling effect full length, her, myself, who did this to me. The pace picks up at these points, which reinforces the rambling. Rambling is a good technique to use as anyone normal would not be shown to waffle whilst talking. There is also the use of oxymorons beloved sweetheart bastard, loves hate which shows madness in the sense that she is confused. She cant seem to let go of her ex-fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ but also blames him for the state that she is in. Shes completely lost. Havisham is also shown to talk to herself all throughout the poem who did this to me?, cowing nooooo at the wall. This shows her madness even more as this is a stereotypical habit we believe mad people have. There are a number of additional themes used apart from obsession such as revenge. The use of colour green and give me a male corpse shows Havisham wants her ex-fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to feel exactly what she does, and also over a long period of time. Sex is also another theme used. In the time Havisham was set, for women, marriage did not just mean falling in love. It also meant turning into a woman by having sex. This is why Havisham almost spits out the word spinster and often imagines what it would be like to have sex, my fluent tongue in its mouth. However, she always suddenly wakes up bite awake. Love is presented by the use of the colour red and the word love. This shows that although she hates her ex-fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and never names him its ear, its mouth, she does feel passionate towards him. This is also shown by the use of the antithesis loves hate. She doesnt want to love him and hates him for jilting her. This again reinforces the fact that Havisham is mad, as who would still love someone that jilted them? Another style used by Carol Anne Duffy, apart from dramatic monologue, is by writing the poem in first person I havent. This is a very effective technique to use as the reader gets to witness Havishams madness for themselves, instead of hearing it through someone elses point of view. It helps the reader see exactly where Havisham reveals her madness and obsession I stabbed at a wedding cake, I stink and remember. Duffy uses colour effectively as a metaphor for Havishams feelings. Dark green is used to describe her eyes, but also to show her jealousy and her thirst for revenge. Puce curses describe the coldness of being alone and the pain she suffers. After using these colours, the tone changes and turns to pure white veil. This represents Havishams innocence and the fact that she feels an incomplete woman. Red balloon bursting is used to show all her feelings of love and hatred are swelling inside her heart, until it becomes too much to handle and she breaks down. The verse and sentence structure in the poem helps the reader find out more about the character of Havisham. The poems structure is set so it looks organised which, at a first glance, wouldnt make the reader believe Havisham is mad. However the use of enjambment who did this to me reveal that she is actually rambling, showing confusion and madness. This makes Havisham seem even more manic as she truly believes she appears normal. The sentence structure also helps disclose the real Havisham. Duffy uses short sentences spinster. I stink and remember, again to emphasize the waffling. All this adds up to create the madness in Havisham. The tone isnt the same throughout the whole of Havisham. It starts off showing her anger and bitterness I could strangle, but slowly turns a bit emotional where Havisham reveals how she reacted to her depressing past cawing nooooo, trembling. At this point, the readers feel sorry for her as she is showing hatred towards herself. The tone in the next verse shows passion and Havishams lustful fantasies lost body over me, of what could have happened on her wedding night. However, the last verse is where Havishams anger grows and grows I stabbed at wedding cake, give me a male corpse until finally she lets go b-b-b-breaks and both her mind and life brake down. Using all these devices and techniques, such as satire, colour and adding additional themes, Duffy presents Havishams madness very effectively and successfully. Class was considered very important to the Victorians, and this is shown in Tennysons The Sisters, which was published in 1881. Around this era, people were completely obsessed with madness; a trip to the local mad house would be considered normal and a typical family day out. The Sisters is a poem that uses the themes of jealousy, necrophilia and murder to help tell its story. Its a story of two daughters, one of which falls pregnant, she fell. This would be seen as shameful, blood with shame, as celibacy was expected in the time the sisters was written. After not being able to handle the burden of mixing her ancient blood with shame, the sister commits suicide, she died. The main theme is introduced early in the poem therefore revenge became me well. The second Sister takes it upon her to have revenge for the horrific state her sister ended up in, she went to burning flame, because of the earl. I also believe the Sister believed she also had another reason for revenge; the fact that the earl chose her sister over her made the Sister angry. Her jealousy, she was the fairest in the face, has made her even more determined for revenge. The sister gives herself time whole weeks and months to make her plan to win his love work. This shows the Sisters amount of obsession, and also as it is written in first person narrative it shows that she is completely aware of what she is doing, showing her insanity. The Sister becomes successful I won his love, I brought him home, and after bringing the earl into false impression that he is safe I kissd his eyelids into rest, his ruddy cheek upon my breast, she gets her revenge three times I stabbd him thro and thro. I believe that the Sisters character is the most sinister out of all that I will write about. This is due to the fact that she is completely aware of what she is revealing, and Tennyson has shown this by not having the poem written using dramatic monologue, whereas Havisham is completely different and truly believes that she appears to be a normal person. The Sister is shown to be proud of what she has done laid him at his mothers feet, showing her madness, as who would be so proud of killing someone that they reveal it was them? The Sisters charter appears cruel and cold-blooded as lying a dead son at their mothers feet is going too far. The Sisters has a structured verses throughout the poem, which shows the Sister is very controlling, therefore has planned and knows exactly what shes doing. This again reveals the Sisters madness, because she is willing to do anything to reach her goal without any regret. The Sister reveals her madness in a variety of ways, but her insanity isnt that she has completely lost her mind, like Havisham, but the fact that she has evil characteristics ad thoughts. Even though she has always had feelings for the earl I loved his beauty passing well, she still wants him dead. However, before this line, the Sister reveals that she hated him with the hate of hell. This antithesis shows her confusion as although she loves him, on the other hand she hates him. This also shows how daunting the sister appears to be, as who would plan on killing someone they like, without any second thoughts or regrets? Although she has just committed a murder, the sister has no remorse for her actions, I curld and combd his comely head. There is a big element of strong imagery here, with the use of alliteration, which places a disturbing picture of necrophilia in the readers mind. This action, of the Sisters, alone would make anyone believe that she is mad, as she is actually attracted to a dead body. She finds her revenge erotic and as she is comfortable around the dead earl, she reveals her satisfaction. Power, one of the additional themes used in the poem, is used many times throughout the Sisters. The Sister is in power, or control, all throughout her revenge plan, which is firstly shown by the structured verses Tennyson has used. It also gives the impression to the reader that the Sister has planned every step of her revenge extremely carefully and thoughtfully. Also the simple rhyming pattern AABB, adds the control element to the poem, and again reinforces the insanity of the Sister, as the speakers control again shows tat she is aware of her actions, which, again, is quite daunting. The sister reveals her obsession all throughout the poem, as her careful planning and biding of time is proof. This is similar to Havishams obsession as she also wanted to get revenge for what she had to go through. In the alliteration I hated him with the hate of hell, its like the Sister almost spits out the words, whilst also creating alliteration and sound, and reinforces her obsession and madness to complete her well-planned revenge, whole weeks and months, I lay in wait. The most important theme, to which Tennysons poem is based around, as well as madness, is revenge. Introduced early, therefore revenge became me well, it is the main way the Sisters madness is revealed. She is determined to get her revenge, even if she has to wait a long time, whole weeks and months, and early and late. The sinister element here is that although the Sister still has feelings for the earl, o, the earl was fair to see, she still wants revenge for something that happened along time ago. This is similar to the situation in Havisham as although she is still loved her ex-fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, she still wanted him to feel pain. This shows a great deal of madness in both women, as how can you want to someone so badly, even after so long, and still truly say you love them? The tone is shown very cleverly and effectively all throughout the poem, by the use of the repeated refrain The wind is because the forth word changes as the Sisters plan progresses. It starts of blowing which is used as a metaphor to show her anger where she is talking about her Sister being prettier than her. However, the transition of the active verb changes to howling and eventually raving as she kills the earl. However after she calms down and realises her plan was successful, the wind goes back to blowing. I believe this last repeated refrain shows the most of her insanity, because she has just committed a murder and instead of panicking or regretting it, she actually becomes satisfied with what she has done. Tennysons tactful techniques and use of different themes all adds up eventually to show the Sisters sinister insanity, which at a first glance at the poem, is invisible. Power struggle based Porphyrias Lover, reflects the time it was written in. Browning uses status, sex and murder as his main themes to help represent the insanity of the Lover. Porphyria, an upper class Victorian woman, laid her soiled gloves, is shown to see a mentally disabled man for sex, even though she is married. However, the Lover doesnt realise he is being used, but truly believes Porphyria loves him, Porphyria worshipped me, and believes she wants to be with him forever, and give herself to me forever. As affairs were frowned upon, he believes there is only one way he can help his worshipper reach her goal, her hearts endeavor and thats by killing her. However also, if this doesnt show enough madness, he actually thinks she wants to be killed, no pain she felt, and so murders her. Out of Havisham, The Sisters and Porphyrias Lover, I believe, that the lover is the most stereotypical type of what we would consider a mad person to be like, as firstly he lives in a mental home. Also by using enjambment, Browning reveals the madness of the Lover, as he waffles on without any breaks. At a first glance at the verse structure in this poem shows clearly the insanity of the Lover, however in The Sisters the structure reveals no madness at all. The Lover also appears to me to be quite an arrogant character as he thinks he means the world to Porphyria Porphyria worshipped me, which is surprising because the only time she comes to see him is when she wants to have sex, and I can tell this as she wastes no time in seducing him made her smooth white shoulder bare. He even believes he is equal to God, God has not even said a word!, and, even though he has just murdered Porphyria, he thinks even God can not argue with him, as he cant possibly do anything wrong. This sort of behaviour would make anyone believe the Lover is mad, as who on earth would believe God thinks its ok to kill someone? Anyone who argues with themselves would be considered completely crazy, and thats exactly what the Lover does I debated what to do. He tried to decide on how to kill Porphyria, and after he commits this crime, he truly believes in his mind that he and Porphyria had come to this conclusion together I am quite sure she felt no pain. This insanity continues to the end of the poem, where he thinks that now both him and dead Porphyria are happy now, as her wish to be with him forever has come true, and also thinks that she is as good as alive. Like Havisham, Porphyrias Lover is also written using dramatic monologue, as when the Lover says things such as she guesses not how her darling one wish would be heard, and believes he is the greatest lover who gave her a dream gift, he doesnt realise even more. Anyone would have to be completely insane to actually think killing someone is giving them a perfect gift. Also, they would to be even madder to believe they are still alive, as the Lover does about Porphyria the smiling rosy little head. This just proves the lovers insanity. Power struggle is used by Browning all throughout Porphyrias Lover, starting with Porphyria in control. She makes him wait for her and, last, she sat down by my side and talks to him and called me. Revealing his madness again, the Lover hears her but doesnt utter a word of reply no voice replied. Still in charge, Porphyria begins to dominate him she put my arm about her waist and the lover doesnt even try and stop her and take control, as he knows what is going on, but his insanity stops it from sinking in. however, Porphyria begins to seduce him, all her yellow hair displaced, the power changes murmuring how she loved me. He begins to believe he is her weakness and almost pities her she to weak, and that she belongs to him that moment she was mine, mine. This repetition enforces how he feels, and it is almost a childish thing to say. His power grows even more after he murders Porphyria because now he begins to seduce her blushes bright beneath my burning kiss, I propped her head up as before only, this time my shoulder bore, instead of the other way round like it was at the beginning of the poem. Also here, necrophilia is introduced using strong imagery as a shut bud that holds a bee. This is similar to the two other poems as Havisham, the Sister and the Lover find dead bodys erotic, and anyone who gets turned on by the thought of manipulating a dead body is clearly mad. The poem has a negative start, by the use of Brownings language, using words such as sullen, tore;, spite, worst, vex and break. According to the Lover, life without Porphyria is dull. However, the tone changes as well as the Lovers mood when Porphyria arrives, blazeup, war and the use of the metaphor cheerless grate. As well as warming up the rooms by lighting a fire, she also warms the Lovers mood up by her presence. By the use of all these and other clever techniques, especially enjambment, Browning has successfully achieved revealing the Lovers madness. The main theme of madness is presented in a variety of ways in all three poems that I have studied. The effective method consists of the use of enjambment, dramatic monologue and the effects of different style verse structures. Enjambment and dramatic monologue, used by Browning and Duffy, are, I believe, the most successful techniques to use when showing madness, as the enjambment creates the waffling effect considered to be a characteristic in a mad person and the effect of dramatic monologue is another characteristic believed to be found in someone who are mentally disabled, as they tend to not realise how they appear to others. In all three poems Havisham, The Sisters and Porphyrias Lover, the verse structures all have a different style; Havisham is set out with paragraphs but the lines to do not end with proper punctuations, The Sisters is set out so no reader would actually believe the poem would be about a mad women at a first glance, however, Porphyrias Lover uses big enjambment and it is clear that the poem was not going to be about some one normal. Using a few similar techniques and a few different to some extent, all three poems, in their own ways, portray madness, especially using the time that they were written in, which, I believe, was a big influence to their writing. Overall, I believe that all three poets should be congratulated on their poems as they show madness very effectively and successfully, using a number of techniques.